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2025 was marked by contradictions where the ecological boundary has become the political boundary. Various new environmental regulations, such as Presidential Regulation 110/2025 (Carbon Economic Value) and Government Regulation 26/2025 (RPPLH/Environmental Protection and Management Plan), were introduced alongside a massive expansion plan of 20.6 million hectares of forest area for food and energy. MADANI's analysis shows this expansion plan carries a high risk of triggering deforestation because it includes 9 million hectares of natural forest.

This tension culminated in nearly 3,000 hydrometeorological disasters, ending with the deadly ecological disaster of Cyclone Senyar in Sumatra, which claimed over 1,000 lives. The report asserts that these crises are not mere anomalies, but the accumulated risk of structural, extractive policies that ignore ecological limits. The fundamental correction needed is to orient future development based on the capacity of the environment to sustain life, not on space available for exploitation.